Contains or Includes

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Include refers to something that is one part of another thing:

  • The package holiday we bought included travel, accommodation, and breakfast.
    (Travel, accommodation, and breakfast were part of the package.)
  • The price doesn’t include tax.
    (Tax is not part of the price.)
  • I’d love to be included in the project.
    (I’d love to be part of this project.)

 
Contain refers to things that are inside another thing:

  • This book contains a collection of short stories.
    (There is a collection of short stories inside this book.)
  • The gift box contained sweets and wine.
    (There were sweets and wine in the box.)
  • Most takeaways contain too much salt.
    (There is too much salt inside most takeaways.)

 
Look at this example:

  • This book contains a collection of short stories including one by Oscar Wilde.
    (There is a collection of short stories inside this book. One of these stories, that is, one part of the book is by Oscar Wilde.)

 

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