Hello Sir/Madam,
it is seen that we us ‘er’ or ‘or’ to change a verb into noun. E.g. Translate+or=translator or interprete+er = interpreter.
My question is where we can use ‘er’ or ‘or’ to change a verb into noun? Clarify this to me, please.
This exercise is called word formation; endings are added to root words.
For example,
act+or = actor
conduct+or = conductor
bake+er = baker
farm+er = farmer
wait+er = waiter
It’s not always verbs-to-nouns though. You can turn nouns into verbs or nouns into adjectives or adjective into adverbs etc. with different endings.
baker – bakery
cloud – cloudy
happy – happiness, happily
I’m afraid there are no rules as to when to use certain suffixes. It’s best to look at lists like this and try memorize the words:
-IST
art – artist
chemistry – chemist
dentistry – dentist
guitar – guitarist
journal – journalist
linguistics – linguist
lobby – lobbyist
novel – novelist
nutrition – nutritionist
orthodontia – orthodontist
optometry – optometrist
pharmacy – pharmacist
philanthropy – philanthropist
piano – pianist
psychiatry – psychiatrist
psychology – psychologist
racism – racist
reception – receptionist
science – scientist
therapy – therapist
-IAN
beauty – beautician
comedy – comedian
electricity – electrician
grammar – grammarian
guard – guardian
history – historian
library – librarian
magic – magician
mathematics – mathematician
music – musician
obstetrics – obstetrician
pediatrics – pediatrician
physic – physician
politics – politician
rhetoric – rhetorician
statistics – statistician
technical – technician
vegetable – vegetarian
veterinary – veterinarian
-ESS
actor – actress
adulterer – adulteress
author – authoress
duke – duchess
god – goddess
launderer – laundress
lion – lioness
master – mistress
poet – poetess
priest – priestess
prince – princess
seam – seamstress
steward – stewardess
-ar/-er/-eur/-ier/-or/-ur
astronomy – astronomer
bar – barrister
cash – cashier
contract – contractor
fight fire – firefighter
dig grave – gravedigger
grocery – grocer
keep house – housekeeper
jewelry – jeweler
law – lawyer
radiography – radiographer
restaurant – restaurateur
retail – retailer
senate – senator
translate – translator
treasure – treasurer
