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You can jump to any section of this article:

1. Health, Illness and Disease Vocabulary
2. Illness Expressions
3. Common Illnesses and Diseases in English
4. Medicine, Medical Equipments and Tools
5. Medical Specialists List
6. What to say at the doctor?
7. Doctor’s Questions and Answers to Patient
8. Patient Symptoms
9. At the dentist’s
10. At the chemist’s

Health, Illness and Disease Vocabulary

pain
feeling in your body when you have been hurt or when you are ill,sick

• Suddenly she felt a sharp pain in her neck, shoulder, waist, arm, leg, stomach.
• Take an aspirin to relieve the pain.

ache
continuous pain; feel a continuous pain

• I can’t sleep because my head aches too bad.
• I have a terrible headache, backache, stomach-ache.

ill
suffering from an illness or disease; not feeling well; sick

• My elder sister is seriously ill in St John’s hospital.
• The children started to feel ill an hour after the meal.

sick
physically or mentally ill; wanting to vomit

• I feel very sick, I don’t think I can work today.
• Be careful with the cake, too much of it can make you sick.

sore
painful (and often red) because of infection or because a muscle has been used too much

• I have a sore throat, I mustn’t take that cold drink.
• She says her stomach is still sore after the operation.
• His feet were sore after the bicycle trip.

illness
the state of being physically or mentally ill

• Our secretary missed a lot of work through illness last month.
• Flu can be a serious illness if you aren’t careful enough.

disease
serious illness, often caused by infection

• Peter’s uncle suffers from a rare blood disease.
• A fatty diet increases the risk of heart disease.
• The government is planning further health measures to prevent the spread of disease.

heal
become healthy again; make something, somebody healthy again, make somebody feel happy again

• As I see it will take a long time for your wounds to heal.
• This ointment will help to heal your scratches.
• The tea you made really healed me.

cure
make somebody or something healthy again after an illness; make an illness go away

• He was seriously ill for a long time, but the doctor cured him at last.
• Scarlet fever is a serious illness, but it can be cured fairly fast.

cure
medicine or medical treatment that cures an illness; the act of curing or the process of being cured

• There is no known cure for this illness but the it can be treated.
• I’m afraid you must be taken to hospital for the cure.

treat
give medical care or attention to somebody or something; deal with something or somebody

• I was treated for flu, but later I was diagnosed with pneumonia.
• This illness is usually treated with antibiotics and a strict diet..

treatment
(the way or process of) curing an illness or injury or making somebody look and feel good; the way of dealing with something or somebody

• Doctors apply various treatments for this illness.
•  My sister goes to a wellness centre to receive beauty treatments.

diagnose
define what an illness or the cause of a problem is

• The blood test is used to diagnose all kinds of diseases.
• She was diagnosed (as) (a) diabetic in her early childhood.

diagnosis
medical description of an illness or condition

• The doctors didn’t share every detail of the diagnosis with the patient’s family.
• We had to wait a lot for the exact diagnosis after the examination.

injury
harm done to the body, for example in an accident

• They were lucky to escape the fight without serious injuries.
• There were only minor injuries in the crash.

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injure
harm somebody or yourself physically, especially in an accident, receive/suffer an injury

• He injured his finger when he was cutting the meat.
• Nobody was killed in the accident, but two people were seriously injured.

wound
an injury to part of the body, especially one in which a hole is made in the skin

• He died from the wounds that he had received in the crash.
• He was taken to hospital although his wounds didn’t seem too serious.

cut
a wound caused by something sharp

• He had such a deep cut on his arm that he was taken to hospital.
• The victim had several cuts on his chest, still he survived.

bruise
a blue, brown or purple mark on the skin after somebody has fallen

• He was covered in bruises at the end of the football match.
• The man came to the surgery with a huge bruise over his eye.

scratch
rub your skin with your nails, usually because it’s itching; a mark or a small cut or injury made by scratching

• The cat continuously scratched itself behind the ear.
• She had a long scratch on her arm when she came out of the rose garden.

infection
illness caused by bacteria or a virus; the act or process of causing or getting a disease

• Wash your hands carefully to decrease the risk of infection.
• She almost died from blood infection.

inflammation
a condition when a part of the body becomes red, sore and swollen because of infection or injury

• My knee was twice the size of the other one due to the inflammation.
• You had better not eat fatty food so soon after your stomach inflammation.

symptom
a change in your body or mind that shows that you are not healthy

• You don’t necessarily need a doctor with symptoms like a headache or sore throat.
• Depression can cause physical symptoms, too.

temperature
the measurement of how hot your body is

• have a temperature – when your temperature is higher than normal due to illness
• I feel so weak, I think I have a temperature.
• She had such a high temperature that she was immediately taken to hospital.

fever
a medical condition in which someone has a temperature that is higher than normal; a particular type of disease with high temperature

• Did you take aspirin to reduce the fever?
• Our daughter has been diagnosed with scarlet fever.

cold
illness affecting the nose and/or throat, making you cough and/or sneeze

• I think I caught a cold on the ice rink yesterday.
• She can’t come to school, she’s in bed with a cold.

flu
a very bad cold, an infectious disease with fever, pains and weakness

• Please don’t visit us this week, the whole family has the flu.
• If you’re not careful enough and you don’t take antibiotics, you may even die from the flu.

vomit
discharge stomach contents through the mouth

• There must have been something wrong with the food as both children vomited shortly after the meal.
• I’m afraid I’m pregnant; I vomit after getting up every morning.

medicine
a substance that you drink or swallow so as to cure an illness

• You look so pale. Haven’t you taken your medicine this morning?
• The doctor prescribed three kinds of medicine for me.

antibiotics
medicine that kills bacteria and cures infections

• My mum’s throat infection went away after she started the antibiotics.
• Hot tea won’t be enough to cure your flu, I think you also need antibiotics.

pain killer
kind of medicine that takes away some or all of the discomfort of an illness or injury

• I had such a horrible headache last night that I took two pain killers.
• She says she doesn’t think it’s a good idea to take pain killers too often.

blood pressure
the rate at which blood flows through the body

• Drink some coffee if you feel your blood pressure is too low.
• High blood pressure increases the risk of having a heart attack.

pulse
the regular beat of blood as it is sent around the body

• The doctor started the examination with taking my pulse and blood pressure.
• He has such a weak pulse that it’s hard to feel.

x-ray
a photograph of a somebody’s bones and organs

• They took x-rays of my knee to make sure it wasn’t broken.
• The doctor says that the x-ray has proved his suspicion of cancer, but I don’t believe him.

patient
a person staying in a hospital or medical facility

• The doctor examined the patient very carefully but he didn’t find any disorder.
• There were so many patients in the doctor’s surgery that I didn’t wait and I went home.

surgery
a place where a doctor or dentist sees patients; medical treatment of injuries or diseases involving cutting open somebody’s body

• I wanted to see a doctor but the surgery was closed.
• I hope they can cure me with medicine and I don’t need undergo surgery.

operation
cutting open a part of somebody’s body in order to remove or cure a part

• The operation was successful but the patient died.
• The doctor says I can hardly escape an operation.

operate on somebody (for something)
cut open a part of somebody’s body in order to remove or cure a part

• He soon recovered after he was operated on for appendicitis.
• The doctor ordered to take my brother to hospital and they will operate on him tomorrow.

operating theatre
a room in a hospital used for medical operations

• The patient died on the way to the operating theatre.
• She felt nervous as she looked round the operating theatre.

chemist’s (shop)
a shop where medicine is sold

• The doctor suggested to go to the chemist’s for the medicine straight from the surgery.
• This syrup is also sold in the supermarket, so you don’t need to go to the chemist’s.

prescription
an official piece of paper filled out by a doctor with which you can get medicine from a chemist’s shop

• Unfortunately, the doctor forgot to sign the prescription and so the chemist refused to give me the medicine. 
• Keep this prescription even though you don’t need the medicine now; you may need it later. 

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Illness expressions

• feel ill, sick
• have a temperature
• have a pain in your back, chest, waist, arm, shoulder
• have a headache
• feel weak
• feel dizzy
• suffer from stomach cramps
• have a black eye
• have a swollen, sprained ankle, wrist, foot
• have a lump
• have a broken leg
• have a fracture
• burn, cut a finger
• sprain an ankle
• be allergic to antibiotics
• produce an allergic reaction
• come down with a cold
• be in bed with a cold
• have a heart attack, stroke
• suffer from asthma, malnutrition, diabetes
• fight cancer, depression, addiction, alcoholism
• (go to) see a doctor
• examine a patient
• take, feel your pulse
• take, measure your temperature
• diagnose an illness, disease
• diagnose a condition, disorder
• prescribe medicine
• make up a prescription
• take someone to hospital
• undergo an examination, operation
• dress a wound
• a bandaged arm, leg
• put on a plaster
• give an injection
• have a blood test
• prevent the spread of disease
• enhance, build immunity to a disease

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Common Illnesses and Diseases in English

• flu
• cold
• diarrhoea
• pneumonia
• mumps
• measles
• chickenpox
• scarlet fever
• tonsillitis
• bronchitis
• indigestion
• ulcer
• appendicitis
• hepatitis
• heart attack
• heart disease
• stroke
• arthritis
• asthma
• lung cancer
• diabetes
• amnesia
• nervous breakdown

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Medicine, Medical Equipments and Tools

• • pill
  • tablet
  • capsule
  • syrup
  • ointment
  • cream
  • eye drops
  • injection
  • tranquilizer
  • pain-killer
  • antiseptic
  • antifebrile
  • dressing
  • bandage
  • cast
  • brace
  • gauze
  • plaster
  • elastic tape
  • thermometer
  • stethoscope
  • syringe, forceps, scissors, oxygen mask, test tube, vial, IV bag, blood pressure monitor, crutches, wheelchair

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Medical Specialists List

Nurse: doctor’s assistant
Allergist: treats food and environmental allergies
Anaesthesiologist: provides pain prevention during surgery
Cardiologist: heart specialist
Dentist: tooth specialist
Dermatologist: skin specialist
Gynecologist: specializes in women’s needs
Midwife: helps women deliver babies
Neurologist: brain specialist
Oncologist: tumour specialist
Ophthalmologist: deals with eye diseases
Pediatrician: treats babies and children
Physical therapist: specializes in the body’s movement
Psychiatrist: mental health specialist
Radiologist: specializes in imaging tests (x-ray, etc.)

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What to say at the doctor?

Going to Doctor

• I think you should see a doctor.
• You look very pale. Shall I call the ambulance?
• I’m ill. I don’t feel well. I need a doctor. I must see a doctor.
• Doctor Bulb’s surgery hours are from 9 to 12 every morning.
• Where do I find the GP’s office? (general practitioner – a doctor who is trained in general medicine working in the local community)
• What are the consulting hours of the ENT (ear, nose and throat) specialist?
• Do I have to make an appointment?

Doctor’s Questions and Answers to Patient

• What’s the matter? Where’s the pain? What do you complain of?
• Have you taken your temperature?
• For how long have you been feeling ill?
• Take your clothes off. I’ll examine you. Let me take your pulse, please.
• I’ll measure your blood pressure.
• Your blood pressure is rather high. Your blood pressure is too low.
• Let me sound your back. Take a deep breath. I’ll check your lungs.
• Can I have a look? Where does it hurt?
• Does it hurt here? Breath out slowly.
• Show me your tongue. Poke out your tongue.
• Have you got any other symptoms?
• What infectious diseases have you had?
• What have you eaten/drunk?
• Have you been injured?
• Don’t worry. There’s no serious problem.
• I don’t think it’s too serious.
• You’ve got to be vaccinated against tetanus.
• You must stay in bed and take this medicine three times a day, after meals.
• I’ll dress the wound and put a plaster on your arm.
• You must follow a diet, you need to rest and you shouldn’t worry.
• Your test results have come in. The blood test came back negative.
• The biopsy shows a tumour.
• You should consult a specialist.
• We’ll know more in a few days.
• It would be better if you went to hospital.
• I think you’ll have to stay in hospital for a week.
• Hopefully, there won’t be any complications.
• I don’t think you need chemotherapy.
• I’ll give you a prescription. Take this medicine three times a day / after meals / an hour before lunch.
• You’ll soon be well again.
• Come back next week if you don’t feel better.

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Patient Symptoms 

• I’ve got a high temperature.
• I feel really rough. I’m shattered/exhausted.
• Could you check my blood pressure? I’ve got high blood pressure.
• There’s a sharp pain here. I’ve got a pain in my limbs.
• I feel dizzy. I’ve got a kidney problem. I’ve lost weight.
• I always feel bad after meals. I’ve got a stomach ache.
• I’ve got a splitting headache. I often have nosebleeds.
• I have diarrhoea. I’ve lost my appetite.
• I’ve got circulation problems. I sweat all night.
• My ears are buzzing. I’ve got an upset stomach.
• I’ve sprained my wrist/ankle. My hand/foot is badly swollen.
• I think I’ve pulled a muscle in my leg/arm.
• I’ve had scarlet fever, mumps, the measles.
• Is it something serious? Is this a common problem at my age?
• When will the tests results come in? Are you going to run more tests?
• Do I have to be operated on? Will I need surgery?
• How long do I have to stay in hospital?
• I hope there won’t be any complications.
• Could you prescribe some medicine for me?
• How often should I take this medicine?
• Shall I come back next week if I don’t get better?

At the dentist’s

• I’ve got a pain in my back teeth and my gum is bleeding.
• I’ve lost a filling. My denture’s broken.
• Does the tooth have to be extracted or can you replace the filling?

At the chemist’s

• Would you make up this prescription for me?
• Shake well before use. Not to be taken orally.
• Can I get a packet of vitamin tablets?